Reliance Infrastructure Mutual Fund NFO

The Reliance Infrastructure Mutual Fund will primarily invest in shares of infrastructure companies in India. It will have at least 65% of its assets invested in shares of infrastructure companies and the balance in debt instruments. It will also invest in derivative instruments for hedging and rebalancing purposes.

The fund aims to capitalize on the fact that the infrastructure sector in India is lagging investments and is a focus area for the government to allow the economy to continue on its growth path and add momentum to the economic development.

The fund will invest in infrastructure and infrastructure related companies, but there is one thing that you need to be aware of.

Banks, financial institutions and such, which lend to this sector, also come under this category and the mutual fund may invest in such companies also. This is not a good or bad thing – just something to keep in mind. Most investors don’t equate a financing company with infrastructure and so are sometimes surprised when they hear that their infrastructure mutual fund holds State Bank of India or some other such bank or finance company.

Here is a list of sectors that the fund may invest in (from their prospectus): At first glance it may occur to you that the Reliance mutual fund will invest most of its assets in Airport, then Banks, then Cement and so on (which is what I felt), but this is not true. This is just a list of indicative sectors and is not in any particular order.

  1. Airports
  2. Banks, Financial Institutions and Term Lending institutions.
  3. Cement
  4. Coal
  5. Construction
  6. Electrical and Electric Component
  7. Engineering
  8. Energy
  9. Industry Capital Goods
  10. Metals and Minerals
  11. Ports
  12. Power and Power equipment
  13. Road and Railways
  14. Telecom
  15. Transportation
  16. Urban Infrastructure
  17. Mining
  18. Aluminum

Reliance Infrastructure Fund Manager

Mr. Sunil Singhania is the fund manager; he is a B.Com, CFA and has 11 years of experience in the capital markets. He also manages the Reliance Growth Fund, Reliance Equity Fund, Reliance Long Term Equity Fund, Reliance Diversified Power Sector Fund and Reliance Banking Fund.

Entry Load of Reliance Infrastructure Mutual Fund

  • Subscription below Rs. 2 Crores: 2.25%
  • Between Rs. 2 and 5 Crores: 1.25%
  • Above Rs. 5 Crores: Nil

Exit Load of Reliance Infrastructure Mutual Fund

  • 1% if redeemed within a year of allotment
  • Nil if redeemed after a year of allotment
  • Nil if subscription is more than Rs. 5 crores

Minimum Application Amount for Retail Investors

The minimum investment needed is Rs.5000 and if you want to invest additional money then you must invest a minimum of Rs.1000.

Plans offered by Reliance Infrastructure Mutual Fund

There are two types of plans in this fund:

  1. Growth Plan and
  2. Dividend Plan

The growth plan is meant for people who are not looking for regular dividend payouts from the mutual fund and the income from their funds will be reinvested in the fund. The Dividend plan on the other hand will give you dividend income (when the fund declares dividends). There is a dividend reinvestment plan also where the fund will reinvest your dividends to buy more units of the mutual fund.

How to Invest in the Reliance Infrastructure Mutual Fund NFO

If you have an online brokerage account like icicidirect.com, you can invest in this fund through them. You can also invest by filling out this form and submitting it in HDFC or Axis bank branches.

Tax Rates

The dividends are tax free in the hands of resident Indian investors. Similarly, there is no tax on long term capital gains. There is a 15% tax on short term capital gains of the scheme.

Disclosure: I will not be applying for this mutual fund. This is not a buy or sell recommendation for this fund, just a summary of it and my personal thoughts on it. If you are planning to buy or sell, please take advice specific to your financial situation and portfolio.

This site has regular features about IPOs, FDs and other investment ideas, if you would like to get that content by email, please click here.

Kabirdass Motor Company IPO

Business of Kabirdass Motor Company

Kabirdass Motor Company manufactures and markets electric bikes and scooters under the “Xite” brand. The company was incorporated in Nov 2006 and is part of the Kabirdass Group of Companies which has a history of 42 years.

Kabirdass Motor manufactures and markets scooters and bikes that range from 250 Watts to 1500 Watts and has sold 1852 scooters and bikes in the space of 21 months.

The company is targeting students, senior citizens and house-wives for its electric bikes and scooters and currently has 33 distributors spread across Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal. The key benefits of this product are that it is cost – efficient and environmental friendly. The 250 Watts scooter doesn’t need a license or a registration and that makes it easier for people to buy and use the scooter.

Kabirdass Motor Company: Finances

For the year ended March 2009, Kabirdass Motors had total revenues of Rs.  337.64 lakhs and made a Net Profit of Rs. 21.60 lakhs on it. For the year ended March 2008, the company had total revenues of Rs.249.46 lakhs and profits of Rs. 3.47 lakhs.

There is a component of “Other Income” worth Rs. 77.16 lakhs in its total revenues for 2009. This is a non – recurring one time income that has accrued out of transfer of license of K1500SI (a high speed electric scooter) to Hero Ecotech Ltd.

The EPS for the company for 2008 was Rs. 0.04 and for 2009 it was Rs. 0.18. The Return on Net Worth for 2008 was 0.41% and for 2009, it was Rs. 2.29%.

Objective of the IPO

Presently, Kabirdass outsources all the parts for their scooters and bikes and then assembles the final product. Kabirdass is going for an IPO in order to raise funds so that it can create some parts in house. This will help the company lower its cost and increase profitability. The company also plans to expand its capacity to 2 lakh units. The company estimates that the total cost for this project would be Rs.10,128 lakhs and they would spend the majority of their funds on these items:

  1. Land: 1,320 lakhs
  2. Plant and Machinery: 3,802 lakhs.
  3. Brand Promotion: 2,000 lakhs
  4. Margin Money for Working Capital: 1,000 lakhs

Strengths and Weakness of Kabirdass Motor

Here is a look at the major strengths/ opportunities and weaknesses / threats for the company from its prospectus:

Strengths / Opportunities:

1. Cost Effectiveness: The biggest strength has to be the fact that there is hardly any maintenance cost and the running cost turns out to be 40 paisa per kilometer.

2. Growing Market: The current market for electric scooters is estimated to be Rs. 250 crores and is expected to double in a year’s time.

3. Group Companies: Although Kabirdass Motors does not have a long operating history, the group companies have been operating profitably and have shown steady progress over the years.

Weaknesses / Threats:

1. Promoters Not Infusing Their Own Funds: For the purposes of expansion – the company is going to raise money from the public and take bank loans, but, the promoters are not going to infuse their own funds in the company.

2. Products are still maturing: The product line is evolving, which means there are alterations in the product design and this effectively raises the fixed costs of the company.

3. Imported Battery: Presently, the battery needs to be imported and no one has developed a quality product.

4. Reliability: The product is not advisable for use in the rainy season or for long distances.

5. Competition: The Company may face intense competition from large domestic players as well as cheap exports from China.

Adani Power Limited IPO

Adani Power Limited has recently posted its draft prospectus for filing an IPO. Here is an overview of Adani Power Limited IPO

Business of Adani Power Limited

Adani Power Limited will be in the business of developing, operating and maintaining power projects in India. It is part of the Adani Enterprise Limited, which is a large Indian conglomerate with revenues of over Rs.196,097.10 million in fiscal 2008. The parent company is one of the three largest coal traders in India and the largest power trading company in India (in the last three years).

The group itself is looking at vertical integration with power projects and it currently has presence in:

  • Coal Mining
  • Coal Trading
  • Shipping
  • Power Generation
  • Power Transmission
  • Power Trading
  • Owning and Operating a SEZ

Adani Power Limited has four thermal power plants that are in various stages of development:

1. Mundra Phase 1 & 2 with a capacity of 1,320 MW. Both phases are split into sub – generation of 330 MW each. The first phase of 330 MW each are expected to get commissioned by June 2009 and the full project is expected to get commissioned by Feb 2010.

2. Mundra Phase 3 with a capacity of 1,320 MW, out of which 660 MW will be commissioned in Jan 2011 and the remaining by June 2011.

3. Mundra Phase 4 project with a capacity of 1,980 MW, out of which 660 MW will be commissioned by Aug 2011 and the remaining by April 2012.

4. Tiroda Power Project with a capacity of 1,980 MW, out of which 660 MW will be commissioned by July 2011 and the remaining by April 2012.

All dates are current estimates.

The company has applied for sector specific SEZ approvals for all its coal projects. If granted, this will give them substantial tax advantages.

Since Adani Power is part of the Adani group which is a major coal producer and trader — it will benefit in terms of obtaining raw materials in a timely and secured fashion.

Adani Power is located in the western region and has got a locational advantage; both in terms of sourcing as well as distribution. The power plants are located in the rapidly industrializing areas of Maharashtra and Gujarat and will benefit from the growth of these states.

India faces acute power shortage and with the deregulation in the power sector — there are plenty of opportunities up for grabs for private sector players. According to CERC the power shortage at Dec 2008 was 15,175 MW and so the company exists in a sector which is set for growth and has inherent demand.

Key Risks Facing Adani Power Limited

1. No Operating History: Adani Power has no current operational power projects or any other revenue generating activity that can provide a basis for evaluating its business.

2. Long Gestation Period: Power projects have a long gestation period and Adani Power will take a long time to get into the positive cash flow generating territory.

3. Significant Indebtedness: Adani Power has assumed significant debts to the tune of Rs.49,919.04 million and this increases its vulnerability to downwards economic conditions. Since the company has so much debt already — it limits Adani Power’s ability to raise more cash in the future if required.

4. Potential Promoter Conflict of Interest: Adani Power will rely heavily on its promoters to provide it financial know – how and access to key personnel. Since, some promoter group companies operate in the same business areas — this poses potential conflict of interest.

Financial History

Since the company has not engaged in any commercial activity till date there isn’t enough financial information to go evaluate the IPO.

Objectives of the Adani Power IPO

Adani Power is getting in the IPO to raise funds primarily for the following:

1. Finance the Mundra Phase IV 1980 MW Power Project partly

2. Fund the subsidiary that will engage in the construction and development of the 1980 MW Tiroda Power Project.

Conclusion

These were some key features of the Adani Power IPO and evaluating these benefits and risks should give you a better understanding of the company and help decide whether you should be invested in such a company or not.

This site has regular features about IPOs, FDs and other investment ideas, if you would like to get that content by email, please click here.

NHPC IPO is the next big power IPO, to read about that click here.

ThinkSoft Global Services IPO

Thinksoft Global Services has recently posted its draft prospectus for filing an IPO. Here is an overview of Thinksoft Global IPO.

Thinksoft Global: Business of the Company

Thinksoft Global is an IT player that operates in the niche area of software testing in the Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI) vertical. Thinksoft is an early entrant in the field of software testing and has about 10 years of experience in the BFSI domain in testing.

They have 508 employees as on February 8, 2009. It is also ISO 27001:2005 and 9001:2005 certified.  IT service providers generate their revenue by charging customers for the consultants working on their projects. Such consultants can be located offshore or onsite. Presently, the company generates 59.41% of its revenues from its onsite activities and it expects this to go to 55% in the future.

The company provides the following services to its customers:

1. Functional Testing

2. Performance Testing

3. Test Automation

4. Requirements Documentation

The company also offers the New Testing Quadrant tool that enables financial executives evaluate software testing alternatives. This tool gives a two dimensional view and measures software testing vendors on the following two measures:

  • Methodology of Testing
  • Orientation to Executing Software Testing

thinksoft-testing-vendor-landscape1

The top customers of Thinksoft include the following companies:

  • Citigroup
  • ABN AMRO
  • Morgan Stanley
  • Deutsche Bank
  • Metlife
  • Bank of Muscat
  • State Bank of India
  • ICICI Bank

EurIndia: a Gibraltar based fund, owns 31.2% of Thinksoft and invested in it in 2000.

Thinksoft Global: Key Risks

Thinksoft is heavily dependent on European customers with as much as 58% of its revenues for 2008 coming from European based clients.

Thinksoft is also quite heavily dependent on a few customers with the top customer making up as much as 25% of its revenues for 2008 and the top 10 customers accounting for 94.85% of its revenues for 2008.

Thinksoft plans to incur substantial capital expenditure to the tune of Rs.1609.34 lakhs in Fiscal 2009 and 2010. This expenditure is planned with the expectation of growing business and if the business doesn’t grow as expected, then this will be a drag on profitability.

The company is a relatively smaller player in a market which is filled with older, more established and much bigger players than Thinksoft itself.

Thinksoft Financials

For the year ended March 2008, the turnover of the company was Rs.6,997.38 lakhs which rose from Rs. 5,300.22 lakhs in 2007 and Rs.3,463.12 in the year before. The net profit for 2008 was Rs. 934.07 lakhs which rose from Rs.807.55 lakhs in 2007 and Rs.368.35 lakhs in the year before.  The net profit margin for the latest year is 13.34%

The diluted EPS for the last three years has been Rs.12.55, Rs.11.28 and Rs.5.21.

Thinksoft generated 87% of its revenue on the basis of Time and Material contracts for the half year ended September 30, 2008. The remaining came from Fixed Price Contracts. Time and Material Contracts are contracts in which a customer agrees to pay the vendor for the number of days the project runs and this protects the vendor from project slippages and delays.

This is just a draft filing and the price band at which the company wishes to sell its stock is not disclosed yet.

Entry and Exit Load

The terms entry and exit load refer to mutual funds. They refer to the fact that you will be charged fees when you invest in mutual funds. These fees are to offset the overhead costs of the companies you work with to obtain such investments. The fees are generally a percentage of the amount you invest in the mutual funds. Therefore it is important to understand how much these fees will be before you commit to such investments.

The company has the choice to either charge you these fees when you purchase the mutual funds or when you decide to sell them. Should they decide to charge the fees when you buy the mutual funds then the transaction is an entry load. If they choose to charge you for the fees when you sell the mutual funds then the transaction is an exit load.

It is important to understand that entry load fees aren’t refundable. So even if you end up losing money on the investment you won’t get those fees returned to you. Most companies go with the entry load though as that way they can collect their fees early in the game. They don’t have to worry that the investor won’t be able to pay them if they wait to go with an exit load.

KSK Energy Ventures Limited

Business of KSK Energy Ventures Limited

KSK Energy Ventures is a power project development company in India. Currently KSK has three operational power plants which generate 144 MW of power. However KSK is currently under expansion mode which when fully materialize would generate 8993 MW of power.

There are two power projects under construction, one a 135 MW lignite based power project in Rajasthan which would be commissioned in October 2008. The second one is a 540 MW coal based power plant which would commission in December 2009 in Maharashtra.

There are three power plants under development for which the company has secured debt or have entered into term sheets.

The first among these is a 43 MW expansion of the existing power plant in Arasmeta which would be commissioned by the first fiscal in 2011.

Second among this is a 1800 MW coal based power project in Chhatisgarh which is expected to be commissioned in second quarter of fiscal 2012.

Then there is a 130 MW run of the river hydro electric power plant in Arunachal Pradesh which is expected to commence operations in fourth quarter of fiscal 2011.

Along with the above projects there are two more 1800 MW coal based power projects which are in the planning stage in the states of Chhatisgarh and Orissa. The company expects them to be commissioned in fiscal 2013 and 2012 respectively.

Financials of KSK Energy Ventures

The revenues of KSK Energy Ventures grew from Rs.2744.54 lakhs in fiscal 2004 to Rs.9281.63 lakhs in the fiscal 2007. For the same period profits grew from Rs.10.24 lakhs to Rs.1886.16 lakhs.

The EPS for the year 2007 was Rs.2.74 and the two years before that was Rs.2.02 and Rs.2.64 respectively.

Key Risks facing KSK Energy Ventures

Limited experience in developing and operating power projects of the size that are being planned for. One look above at what the company has operational and what the plans are for illustrates that while the company has operational power plants the planned power projects are much bigger in size.

Power projects typically have long gestation periods and it may take a long time before there are returns available on the capital that has been employed by the company.

There has been a restructuring done with the promoter group and as a result of this the historical financial results may not be comparable to the financial results going forward.   

Microsec Financial Services Ltd

Business of Microsec Financial Services

Microsec is a diversified financial services company which offers services in the area of investment banking, retail brokerage, wealth management, insurance broking and financing services to HNI, corporate and institutional clients.

Microsec has 176 business locations spread across 49 Indian cities and towns. The company is concentrated in the eastern region with over 90% revenues coming from this region and 79 branches located in Kolkata.

Financials of Microsec

The company generated revenues of Rs.185.92 million for the year ended 2007 and the revenues for the preceding year were Rs.125.70 million. Over the same years the profit after tax was Rs.76.42 million and Rs.42.39 million respectively.

The revenue and profit figures for the six months ended Sep 2007 were Rs.183.41 million and Rs.94.51 million respectively.

The EPS for the last year was Rs.7.64 on a consolidated basis which was up from Rs.4.24 in 2006.

Objectives of the IPO

Microsec is coming out with the IPO to meet fund requirements for a host of activities which include the following.

Rs.1100 million is expected to be used for financing activities. Microsec provides loans to its clients against the shares that the clients own and there were about 150 clients for such financing for the period ending December 31 2007. The financing done for these clients was approximately Rs.200 million.

The other big ticket item is to augment the working capital requirements. Microsec needs to place margin money with stock and commodity exchanges and part of the IPO proceeds would go towards augmenting the margin they keep with the exchanges which would enable them a higher volume of trade. This would be done for subsidiaries as well.

Microsec also plans to increase its geographic footprint by adding 50 more branches, set up regional offices and strengthening the office facilities in Mumbai.

Key Risks facing Microsec

Microsec has received notices from SEBI for not exercising due diligence as a merchant banker and from NSE for various non compliances.

Inherently the business of lending against shares is risky for which a substantial part of the funds of the IPO are earmarked. In the case of highly volatile markets this risk becomes even greater as the clients may not be able to repay part of the debt and this would impact profitability as well as revenues.

Lotus Eye Care Hospital Limited

Business of Lotus Eye Care Hospital

Lotus eye care has been promoted by Dr.S.K. Sundaramurthy who has over 25 years of experience in the in the field of eye surgery. Lotus has four super specialty hospitals which focus on eye care operating in South India.

Lotus eye care has two hospitals in Coimbatore, one in Salem and one in Tirupur and the total bed strength is 120. There are nine operation theaters and 3 lasik laser equipments. There were a total of 4200 surgeries performed during the calendar year 2007.

Lotus introduced Multi Scan Lasik in the year 1998 and Wave front based Esiris Custom Lasik in the year 2002 for the first time in India. Lotus was also the first hospital in South East Asia to have Epilasik in July 2004.

As part of its charitable drive Lotus Eye Care offers free screening schemes targeted at school children, textile laborers, patient suffering from glaucoma disorder and a few other schemes also.

Financials of Lotus Eye Care Hospital

Lotus eye care has been experiencing steady growth in revenues during the past five years. The revenues have grown from Rs.112.76 lakhs in the year ending 31st March 2003 to Rs.729.9 lakhs in the year ended 2007.

For the same period profit after taxes have grown from a loss of Rs.1.35 lakhs to a profit of Rs.128.68 lakhs. The profit growth has not been as steady as the revenue growth though as there was a loss of Rs.4.27 lakhs in the year ended 2005 because of significant jump in administrative expenditure.

The EPS for the year 2007 was Rs.1.21, 2006 was Rs.2.14 and 2005 was Rs. (0.23).

Objects of the IPO

Lotus Eye Care is coming out with the IPO primarily in order to raise funds for expansion of existing facilities, establishing new centers and meet working capital requirements.

Lotus Eye Care is planning to set up secondary eye care centers in the regions of RS Puram, Tirupur, Karur and a Tertiary Eye Care center at Salem. Additionally the premises right now at Salem and Tirupur are rented and Lotus plans to shift them to premises owned by them. There would be a fund requirement of Rs.1580 lakhs for the land acquisition.

The cost of constructing hospitals would total to Rs.1590 lakhs, equipment would total to another 980 lakhs.

Lotus Eye Care also plans to set up primary eye care units in Bangalore and Chennai which would focus on diagnosis, treating simple eye problems and optical sales. The expected investment on this is Rs.330 lakhs. The working capital requirements for the company is estimated to be around Rs.150 lakhs.

The funds requirement mentioned above would be taken care of by the IPO as well as debts from bank. Lotus has already got sanction for term loans from ICICI Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, ABN Amro bank and HDFC Bank for a total of Rs.999.54 lakhs.

Cox and Kings (India) Limited

Business of Cox and Kings

Cox and Kings is a travel organization which is engaged in three main verticals of leisure travel, corporate travel and Forex. Cox and Kings is one of the oldest and most reputed names in the travel business and has evolved during a period of more than 250 years and has created a brand name across the globe.

Within Leisure the vertical is further sub divided into Inbound travel, Outbound travel and domestic travel.

The inbound travel enables tour operators from across the world on providing destination services for tourists travelling to Indian subcontinent. This involves providing ground tour management services like hotel booking, event planning, airline bookings, car, rail, private air charter and excursion planning, conference management etc.

The outbound and domestic segment includes packaged holidays in India and abroad. The holidays abroad are in the nature of holidays which are escorted tours as well as for free individual travelers.

The domestic holidays include pilgrimage tours, weekend breaks, activity holidays, spa holidays, budget holidays and the like. The other products under the domestic vertical target tourists that are coming to India or organizing conferences, meetings and exhibitions.

Cox and Kings also happens to be one of the leading forex dealers within the country and has also entered the business of providing travel insurance.

Financials of Cox and Kings

The total revenues for the year ended March 31 2007 was Rs.994.19 million up from Rs.657.53 million the year before. The profit after tax for the years ended 2005, 06 and 07 was Rs.92.29 million, Rs.173.45 million and Rs.210.52 million respectively.

The consolidated EPS for the year ended March 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 is Rs.102.33, Rs.23.10 and Rs.54.75

Objects of the Issue

Cox and Kings plans to raise funds from the IPO for the purpose of capital expenditure within India which is estimated at Rs.1173.90 million. Apart from this a sum of Rs.1000 million has been earmarked for acquisitions, Rs.762 million earmarked for investments in overseas subsidiaries and branches and Rs.750 million would be used for repayment of debt.

The capital expenditure in India would involve consolidation of office properties in Mumbai and Delhi and having one office in each of these locations instead of the multiple offices that exist today for the purpose of better administrative control.

Right now there are 14 branches cum shops located within India and Cox and Kings plans to segregate the branches from the shops and then set up an additional 30 shops in various cities across India. The shops act as point of sale for retail customers.

Cox and Kings already has subsidiaries in Dubai, UK, Japan, and Singapore. The company plans to set up a new subsidiary in Malaysia. The sum earmarked for investments would be utilized in these subsidiaries and setting up of the Malaysian subsidiary. In addition to this a sum of Rs.51 million would be spent in the subsidiary in USA.

Conclusion

The IPO of Cox and Kings is one of the few ones which is backed by solid fundamentals and a reputed global company. Right now the pricing for the IPO has not been decided but if the company prices its IPO reasonably then it would be one that the long term investor should certainly consider.

ARSS Infrastructure Limited

Business of ARSS Infrastructure Projects

ARSS is involved in the construction business and undertakes construction of railways infrastructure, roads, highways, bridges and irrigation projects. The company has expertise in the railways infrastructure projects and has a dominating presence in the state of Orissa. In recent years the company has expanded to other states like Jharkhand, Chhatisgarh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Tamil Nadu.

The major clients of ARSS are Ministry of Railways, State Government of Orissa, Rail Vikas Nigam Limited, NTPC and NHAI among others.

ARSS has completed around 200 km railway line construction and 300 km of roads and highways and has an employee base of 788 employees as at February 2008.

Financials of ARSS Infrastructure Projects

ARSS has been having a high growth period and the revenues for the past five years have grown at a phenomenal CAGR of 117% and stood at Rs.13383.21 lakhs and the profits stood at Rs.1022.57 lakhs for the year 2007 and grew at a CAGR of 162%.

Much of this absolute growth of revenues has come between the year 2006 and 2007 when the revenues almost doubled itself from Rs.6057.88 lakhs to Rs.13,383.21 lakhs and the profit after tax rose from Rs.323.22 lakhs to Rs.1022.57 lakhs.

Similarly the EPS has also grown quite a bit from Rs.1.98 in the financial year 2005 to Rs.3.71 in the next year and Rs.10.61 for the financial year ended 2007.

Objects of the Issue

ARSS is raising funds in order to purchase equipment, investing in joint ventures or BOT projects or funding long term working capital requirements. A sum of Rs.6000 lakhs, Rs.3000 lakhs and Rs.6300 lakhs has been earmarked for these three activities.

Key Risks

One of the promoters of the company is involved in a criminal proceeding in relation to murder of one person. Apart from this there are various other legal proceedings against the company which are in the nature of civil, sales and income tax.

There have been cases of default in the payment of amounts due to third parties and also various banks by ARSS Infrastructure.

ARSS Infrastructure does not have any experience in executing BOT projects and also the company has not yet been awarded with any BOT projects for which the funds are being raised through the IPO.

ARSS operates in a very competitive environment with a lot of Indian and international players present in this field with significantly more financial resources as well as project execution experience than ARSS themselves and this poses a threat to the company.